How to use Doctrine’s DBAL Layer

Note

This article is about Doctrine DBAL’s layer. Typically, you’ll work with the higher level Doctrine ORM layer, which simply uses the DBAL behind the scenes to actually communicate with the database. To read more about the Doctrine ORM, see “Databases and Doctrine (“The Model”)”.

The Doctrine Database Abstraction Layer (DBAL) is an abstraction layer that sits on top of PDO and offers an intuitive and flexible API for communicating with the most popular relational databases. In other words, the DBAL library makes it easy to execute queries and perform other database actions.

Tip

Read the official Doctrine DBAL Documentation to learn all the details and capabilities of Doctrine’s DBAL library.

To get started, configure the database connection parameters:

• YAML

  # app/config/config.yml
  doctrine:
      dbal:
          driver:   pdo_mysql
          dbname:   Symfony2
          user:     root
          password: null
          charset:  UTF8
  

• XML

  // app/config/config.xml
  <doctrine:config>
      <doctrine:dbal
          name="default"
          dbname="Symfony2"
          user="root"
          password="null"
          driver="pdo_mysql"
      />
  </doctrine:config>
  

• PHP

  // app/config/config.php
  $container->loadFromExtension('doctrine', array(
      'dbal' => array(
          'driver'    => 'pdo_mysql',
          'dbname'    => 'Symfony2',
          'user'      => 'root',
          'password'  => null,
      ),
  ));
  

For full DBAL configuration options, see Doctrine DBAL Configuration.

You can then access the Doctrine DBAL connection by accessing the database_connection service:

class UserController extends Controller
{
    public function indexAction()
    {
        $conn = $this->get('database_connection');
        $users = $conn->fetchAll('SELECT * FROM users');

        // ...
    }
}

Registering Custom Mapping Types

You can register custom mapping types through Symfony’s configuration. They will be added to all configured connections. For more information on custom mapping types, read Doctrine’s Custom Mapping Types section of their documentation.

• YAML

  # app/config/config.yml
  doctrine:
      dbal:
          types:
              custom_first: Acme\HelloBundle\Type\CustomFirst
              custom_second: Acme\HelloBundle\Type\CustomSecond
  

• XML

  <!-- app/config/config.xml -->
  <container xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services"
      xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      xmlns:doctrine="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/doctrine"
      xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services/services-1.0.xsd
                          http://symfony.com/schema/dic/doctrine http://symfony.com/schema/dic/doctrine/doctrine-1.0.xsd">
  
      <doctrine:config>
          <doctrine:dbal>
          <doctrine:dbal default-connection="default">
              <doctrine:connection>
                  <doctrine:mapping-type name="enum">string</doctrine:mapping-type>
              </doctrine:connection>
          </doctrine:dbal>
      </doctrine:config>
  </container>
  

• PHP

  // app/config/config.php
  $container->loadFromExtension('doctrine', array(
      'dbal' => array(
          'connections' => array(
              'default' => array(
                  'mapping_types' => array(
                      'enum'  => 'string',
                  ),
              ),
          ),
      ),
  ));
  

Registering Custom Mapping Types in the SchemaTool

The SchemaTool is used to inspect the database to compare the schema. To achieve this task, it needs to know which mapping type needs to be used for each database types. Registering new ones can be done through the configuration.

Let’s map the ENUM type (not suppoorted by DBAL by default) to a the string mapping type:

• YAML

  # app/config/config.yml
  doctrine:
      dbal:
          connections:
              default:
                  // Other connections parameters
                  mapping_types:
                      enum: string
  

• XML

  <!-- app/config/config.xml -->
  <container xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services"
      xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      xmlns:doctrine="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/doctrine"
      xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services/services-1.0.xsd
                          http://symfony.com/schema/dic/doctrine http://symfony.com/schema/dic/doctrine/doctrine-1.0.xsd">
  
      <doctrine:config>
          <doctrine:dbal>
              <doctrine:type name="custom_first" class="Acme\HelloBundle\Type\CustomFirst" />
              <doctrine:type name="custom_second" class="Acme\HelloBundle\Type\CustomSecond" />
          </doctrine:dbal>
      </doctrine:config>
  </container>
  

• PHP

  // app/config/config.php
  $container->loadFromExtension('doctrine', array(
      'dbal' => array(
          'types' => array(
              'custom_first'  => 'Acme\HelloBundle\Type\CustomFirst',
              'custom_second' => 'Acme\HelloBundle\Type\CustomSecond',
          ),
      ),
  ));